Anfrage an Übersetzer, Dolmetscher und Übersetzungsagenturen

Konkrete Anfrage nach einer Übersetzung an freiberufliche Übersetzer / Übersetzungsagenturen

Inglese > Italiano: Articolo scientifico di Biologia di 15 facciate

Articolo scientifico di Biologia di 15 facciate dal titolo:
Glial Scar Expression of CHL1, the Close Homolog of the
Adhesion Molecule L1, Limits Recovery after Spinal
Cord Injury

Esempio di testo:
he Ig superfamily adhesion molecule CHL1, the close homolog of the adhesion molecule L1, promotes neurite outgrowth, neuronal
migration, and survival in vitro. Wetested whether CHL1, similarto its close homolog L1, has a beneficial impact on recovery from spinal
cord injury using adult CHL1-deficient (CHL1/) mice and wild-type (CHL1/) littermates. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found
that functional recovery, assessed by locomotor rating and video-based motion analyses, was improved in CHL1/ mice compared with
wild-type mice at 3– 6 weeks after compression ofthethoracic spinal cord. Better function was associated with enhanced monoaminergic
reinnervation of the lumbar spinal cord and altered pattern of posttraumatic synaptic rearrangements around motoneurons. Restricted
recovery of wild-type mice was likely related to early and persistent (3–56 d after lesion) upregulation of CHL1 in GFAP-positive astrocytes
at the lesion core. In both the intact spinal cord and cultured astrocytes, enhanced expression of CHL1 and GFAP was induced by
application of basic fibroblast growth factor, a cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. This upregulation was
abolished by inhibitors of FGF receptor-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase, and
phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling pathways. In homogenotypic and heterogenotypic cocultures of neurons and astrocytes, reduced
neurite outgrowth was observed onlyif CHL1 was simultaneously present on both celltypes. Thesefindings and novelin vitro evidencefor
a homophilic CHL1–CHL1 interaction indicate that CHL1 is a glial scar component that restricts posttraumatic axonal growth and
remodeling of spinal circuits by homophilic binding mechanisms.
Key words: astrocytes; basic fibroblast growth factor; close homolog of L1; homophilic binding; neurite outgrowth; spinal cord
regeneration
Introduction
Recognition molecules mediate neural cell proliferation, migration,
differentiation, neurite outgrowth and polarization, neural
survival, and formation of synapses. Their important roles in
synaptic plasticity and regeneration after trauma are becoming
increasingly recognized (Loers and Schachner, 2007). Among the
recognition molecules of the Ig superfamily, the close homolog of
L1 (CHL1) was discovered as a novel member of the L1 family
(Holm et al., 1996; Hillenbrand et al., 1999). Like L1, CHL1 promotes
neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, when substratecoated
in vitro (Chen et al., 1999) and, as a coreceptor with integrins,
enhances cell migration (Holm et al., 1996; Hillenbrand et
al., 1999; Buhusi et al., 2003).
Mutations in the CHL1 gene in humans have been linked to
mental retardation (Angeloni et al., 1999; Frints et al., 2003) and
schizophrenia (Sakurai et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2005). CHL1-
deficient mice have normal appearance and motor abilities, but
their social and exploratory behavior, reactivity to novelty, and
ability to gate sensorimotor information are altered (MontagSallaz
et al., 2002; Irintchev et al., 2004; Morellini et al., 2007).
Behavioral deficits are possibly related to developmental abnormalities
such as misguided projections of hippocampal mossy
fibers and olfactory axons (Montag-Sallaz et al., 2002), and positioning
and dendrite orientation of pyramidal cells in the visual
cortex (Demyanenko et al., 2004). Furthermore, behavioral abnormalities
in CHL1-deficient mice may arise from synaptic dysfunctions
related to defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis that
initiates recycling of synaptic vesicles (Leshchyns’ka et al., 2006),
as well as abnormal inhibitory circuitries and inhibitory synaptic
transmission in the hippocampus (Nikonenko et al., 2006).
After injuries of the adult mouse CNS and peripheral nervous
system, CHL1 is upregulated in its expression i

Sprachrichtung(en)

Englisch > Italienisch

Fachgebiet

Wissenschaft / Sachbücher

Über den Auftraggeber

Die Angaben zum Auftraggeber stehen nicht mehr zur Verfügung, da die Anfrage bereits geschlossen ist.

Angebot abgeben

Die Abgabe eines Angebots ist leider nicht mehr möglich, da die Anfrage bereits geschlossen ist.

TRADUguide - Das Portal für Übersetzer, Übersetzungsagenturen und ihre Kunden